高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

　导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！

　 阅读理解之主旨大意题

　我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。

　 解题技巧

　 1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。

　主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

　 2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即

　快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：

　(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

　(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

　(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

　(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。

　 3.关于干扰项和正确答案。

　(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

　(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

　 4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：

　①What's the main idea/point of the passage?

　②The passage is mainly about________.

　③The passage is mainly concerned about________.

　④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

　⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?

　⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.

　⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.

　⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.

　(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：

　①What's the purpose of the passage?

　②The passage is meant to________.

　③The purpose of the article is to________.

　④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.

　⑤The passage tells us that________.

　⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...

　(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：

　①The best title of the passage is________.

　②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　③The best title for the passage is________.

　④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.

　In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　 典型例析

　From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop

　pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

　30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　A.A Wheelchair Experience.

　B.Weakness and Kindness.

　C.Weakness and Strength.

　D.A Driving Experience

　解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。

　 答案：B

　In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable

　products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　45.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　A.To introduce a new business model.

　B.To compare two business models.

　C.To predict a change of the global market.

　D.To advocate sustainable development.

　解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进

　行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。

　 答案：D

　Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often

　be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

　30.What is the best title of the passage?

　A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

　B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

　C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting

　D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

　解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

　 答案：A

　(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination

　…

　It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.

　30.What is the purpose of the passage?

　A.To tell us an interesting story.

　B.To help us make right decisions.

　C.To advise us to care about children.

　D.To encourage us to use our imagination.

　解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。

　 答案：D

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如何抓住英语四级阅读的中心思想

　引导语：下面我就来教大家抓住英语四级阅读的中心思想的方法，希望能够帮助到您，谢谢您的阅读。

一、抓主题思想

　我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

　例一：

　Directions: Choose the most general word.

　(A) chemist (B) physicist

　该问题要求找出最有概括性的词。(C) scientist 符合题意，因为它包含了chemist, physicist和biologist，而(A)，(B)和(D)都指某一具体学科的科学家，不能概括其它的词。因此，scientist最有概括性。

　例二：

　Directions: Choose the most general sentence.

　(A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.

　(B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorictta Bay Inn.

　(D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorictta Bay Inn including babysitting.

　(A)， (C)，(D)都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况，相互间并无联系。而(B)却概括了(A)，(C)和(D)的共性的东西，即：为什么旅客住在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。因此，(B)符合题意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上(A)，(B)，(C)，(D)几条信息，那末，(B)就是该段中心思想。由于同样的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段叙述几方面的内容，那末，这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想。

　例三：

　Directions: Choose the main idea of an article. (Following are the topic sentences of an article.)

　1) A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim.

　2) One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year, the vast majority during burglaries...

　3) Moreover. a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....

　Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?

　(A) What Happens to the Victim of Crime?

　(B) Is Your Family Safe?

　第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段中提到了入室行窃，但是这三段说明的共同问题是人们是否应拥有自己的武器来反对犯罪行为。因此只有选择(C)才能概括这三段所共同说明的问题，也就是此文的中心思想。

二、主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容

　面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。

　例一：

　Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best central thought

　Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in production. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

　(A) In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets.

　(B) Hawaiian sugar growers built their great industry without government help.

　(D) By pioneering together, sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

　(A)，(B)和(C)项只是文中提到的各项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了，只有(D)项才概括了全文要说明的`问题，因此，(D)是该文的主题思想。

　要求抓主题思想的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题，因为短文的标题常常也体现它所围绕的主题或讨论的中心。因此，为短文选择标题实际上也反映了对主题思想的掌握。

　例二：

　Directions: Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.

　There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.

　(A) Economic Principles

　(B) Law of Supply and Demand

　(D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices

　该问题中，(A)泛指经济规律，面过宽;(C)和(D)只是供需规则的二个单独的方面不能包含全部，面太窄。正确的答案是(B)，因为这正是该短文自始至终谈论的主题。

　例三：

　Directions: Read the following passage and select the most appropriate title:

　According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods.

　(A) The Gods of the Ancient Greeks

　(B) The Legend of the Sky God Zeus

　(D) Religions of the Past

　该问题中，(B)项只是文中提到的一项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了。(C)和(D)项泛指，面太宽。只有(A)项才概括了全文要说明的问题，是全文的主题。

三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句(Topic Sentence)表达

　主题句常常位于段首或段尾处，间或出现在段落中间。同样，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。

　例一：

　English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English

　本段主题句为首句，其后的内容均说明首句。

　例二：

　Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time

　本段中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。

　例三：

　For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.

　本段主题句为第二句，因为在however后面才是作者真正的看法，并在本文中进一步作了说明。

　然而，我们也常常发现，有的主题思想并非直接由一、二个句子表述，而是在文中间接暗示着。这就需要读者根据文中细节进行概括与归纳，找出主题思想。

　例四：

　It's no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our Selective Service. Since October of 1948, some six million young men have been examined for military duty. Of these, more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for military service. To get two men today, the United States Army must call seven men. Of the five rejected three are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental problems. To get the 196 thousand additional men we needed for Berlin, the government had to call up 750 thousand men. And the rejection rate is increasing each year. The reason for this problem is that we are under exercised as a nation. We look, instead of play. We ride, instead of walk. The way we live prevents us from being healthy.

　本段中找不到某一句作为主题。根据文中的内容进行归纳，可找出主题思想，即：?The military's rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nation's lack of exercise is leading to poor health.?

　在确定一篇文章的中心思想时，我们通常用快读的方法，从头至尾将全文浏览一遍，注意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上下文的连贯意思上来理解进行阐述的、有关这个主题我们了解了什么。这样，就可以比较有把握地概括出中心思想了。

　在阅读理解测试中，常常用于检查对主题思想的掌握的问题有：

　1. The main (central, principal) idea of this passage is __________________ .

　2. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as __________________.

　3. The main theme (topic) of the passage is __________________ .

　4. The passage is mainly about __________________ .

　5. This passage deals mainly (primarily) with __________________ .

　6. The author's purpose in writing this passage is __________________ .

　7. The main purpose of the passage is __________________ .

　8. The best (most appropriate) title of (for) this passage is __________________ .

　9. What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?

　10. What is the subject of this passage?